تخمین میزان اثر عوامل ایجاد اتلاف زمانی در پروژه‌های ساختمانی با استفاده از روش شبکه عصبی تعمیم‌یافته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری، دانشکده معماری، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکده معماری پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از عوامل مهم موفقیت در مدیریت، کاهش زمان تولید است که موجب افزایش میزان تولید و کاهش انتظار مشتریان است. در پروژه‌های ساخت آپارتمان مسکونی، زمان تولید تفاوت زیادی با کشورهای پیشرفته‌ای همچون ژاپن و آمریکا دارد؛ لذا کاهش زمان تولید آپارتمان یکی از دغدغه‌های مدیران پروژه است. یکی از راه‌های کاهش زمان، کاهش یا حذف اتلاف‌های زمانی است که در فرآیند تولید اتفاق می‌افتد و هدف این مقاله، شناسایی و تعیین میزان اثر این اتلاف‌هاست. برای شناسایی علت‌ها بعد از مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای، از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته و تحلیل مضمون استفاده شد و 8 عامل به دست آمد که همگی دارای سه ویژگیِ حضور در مرحله اجرا، قابل‌کنترل بودن و تأثیر مستقیم بر زمان بودند. این 8 عامل شامل جلوگیری ناظر، کمبود مصالح، کمبود تجهیزات، دوباره‌کاری، تأخیر پیمانکار، جابجایی و انبارش، تداخل کاری و درنهایت، انجام همه فعالیت‌ها درون کارگاه هستند. برای تعیین میزان اثر، پس از دریافت 214 پاسخنامه قابل‌استفاده، از روش شبکه عصبی رگرسیونی تعمیم‌یافته استفاده شد. نتیجه به‌دست‌آمده به این صورت بود که در صورت وجود هر 8 عامل، 4/41 درصد زمان پروژه، به اتلاف زمانی اختصاص دارد و تنها سه عامل تأخیر پیمانکار، انجام فعالیت‌ها درون کارگاه و دوباره‌کاری باعث 8/31 درصد اتلاف می‌شود. این نتایج، معیار مناسبی را برای تصمیم‌گیری مدیران پروژه نسبت به نوع رفتار با این عوامل، فراهم می‌سازد تا درنهایت بتوانند طول مدت پروژه را کاهش دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimating the amount of time waste causes effect on apartment projects by GRNN Method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Mohammadi Ghazimahalleh 1
  • Mahmood Golabchi 2
1 PhD, Faculty of Architecture, School of Art, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Architecture, School of Art, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

One of important factors in management success is reducing production time. In Iran Residential apartment's production process takes considerably more time compared to developed countries like U.S.A and Japan so decrease of process time is one of important problems for construction managers. One of decreasing ways is reducing or elimination of time wastes. The aim of this paper is to identify time waste causes and estimating the amount of these effects. For identifying, after literature review, semi-structured interview and thematic analysis were used and 8 causes were identified that have three factors including presence in executing, direct impact and controllability. These 8 causes are supervisor blockage, lack of materials, lack of equipment, rework, contractors delay, transfer and depot, subcontractors' conflict and doing more activities in site. For estimating the amount of effect, questionnaires were distributed between project managers that had 5 to 7 floor residential apartments and after receiving 214 usable responses, Generalized Regression Neural Network Method were used. The result obtained in this paper is in the presence of all 8 causes in projects, 41.4 percent of executing time is waste and 77percent of this significant amount is because of three causes contractor delay, do more activities in site and rework. These results are appropriate criteria for project manager to make decision about how to dealing with contractors so they can reduce the project duration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Building construction
  • Generalized Regression Neural Network
  • Lean approach
  • Residential apartment
  • Time waste

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