[1] General Policies of "Resistance Economy". (2013). Retrieved from https://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=25370. [In Persian]
[2] Khodaverdizadeh, M., Mohammadi, S. (2017). Determining comparative advantage and export market structure of global medicinal plants (case study: fennel, anise, badian, and coriander). Agricultural Economics Research, 9(34), 153-174. dor:20.1001.1.20086407.1396.9.34.7.4. [In Persian]
[3] Benzie, I., Wachtel-Galor, S. (2011). Herbal medicine: biomolecular and clinical aspects (2nd ed.). CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. PMID: 22593937.
[4] World Health Organization. (2019). WHO Global Report on Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2019. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978924151536
[5] Bhushan, S., Gupta, R., Saha, S., & Chaudhary, A. (2024). Herbal drugs in the global market: a growing trend towards natural healthcare solutions (pp. 236–251). https://doi.org/10.58532/nbennurch252
[6] Fortune Business Insights. (2025). Herbal medicine market size, share & industry analysis, by form (powder, liquid & gel, and tablets & capsules), by application (pharmaceutical & nutraceutical, food & beverages, and personal care & beauty products), and regional forecast, 2025-2032. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/herbal-medicine-market-106320
[7] Kakade, V. V., Nimbalkar, V. V., Nirmal, S. A., & Kardile, G. N. (2021). A review on: “international and local market size of herbal medicines.” Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 8(8). https://www.jetir.org/view?paper=JETIR2108593
[8] Job, K. M., Kiang, T. K. L., Constance, J. E., Sherwin, C. M. T., & Enioutina, E. Y. (2016). Herbal Medicines: Challenges in the Modern World. Part 4. Canada and United States. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 9(12), 1597–1609. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2016.1238762
[9] Moradi Laleh, M., Saeidi, M., & Nasirbakhsh, M. (2008). Awareness of the herbal plants characteristics among the herbalists in Tehran. Payesh Quarterly Journal, 321-328. https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.16807626.1387.7.4.2.2 [In Persian]
[10] Mahamoudi, A. (2023). The 1.5 billion dollar turnover of Iran's medicinal plants: The plan to establish and launch 3 medicinal plant refineries is underway. Iran Newspaper. Retrieved from https://irannewspaper.ir/8359/9/77946 [In Persian]
[11] Karim, M. H. , Karbasi, A. and Mohamadzadeh, S. H. (2020). Marketing Strategies and Export of Iranian Medicinal Plants. Journal of Medicinal plants and By-Products, 9(1), 101-111. doi: 10.22092/jmpb.2020.122080
[12] Bareetseng, S. (2022). The worldwide herbal market: Trends and opportunities. Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences, 3(5), 575-584. https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1482
[13] Kordnaeij, A., Kalati, S., & Shojaee, H. (2024). Providing a framework to explain brand decline in the sportswear industry. Journal of Management Research in Iran, 127-152. [In Persian]
[14] Safari, A., Abbasi, F., & Golshahi, B. (2015). Identifying key factors on marketing performance of pharmacy companies:The mediating role of ethic marketing. Journal of Management Research in Iran, 95-116. [In Persian]
[15] Zare Zardini, H., & Amiri Aghdai, S. F. (2014). Investigating the factors influencing the improvement and development of the medicinal plant market in Iran: A case study of Isfahan. Modern Marketing Research, 4(1), 214-195. [In Persian]
[16]Borage, S., & Shelotkar, P. (2019). Ethical issues regarding research on ayurvedic drugs. Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University. 14(6). 92-94. https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_206_19
[17] Knoess, W., & Wiesner, J. (2019). The Globalization of Traditional Medicines: Perspectives Related to the European Union Regulatory Environment. Engineering, 5(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.012
[18] Heba M., A., & Ayman A., M. (2022). Medicinal plants and their validation challenges in traditional Egyptian medicine. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2022.120303
[19] Mpelangwa, E.M., Makindara, J.R., Sørensen, O.J. and Bengesi, K.M.-K. (2022), The value chain of traded products of medicinal plants in Tanzania: the emerging role of formulators, African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 13(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-06-2021-0287
[20] Saha, S., Mandal, A., & Dutta, A. (2018). Good Agricultural Practices: Requirement for the Production of Quality Herbal Medicines. In Natural Products and Drug Discovery: an Integrated Approach, 607-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102081-4.00022-8
[21] Prabhakar, P., & Banerjee, M. (2021). Technical problems, regulatory and market challenges in bringing herbal drug into mainstream of modern medicinal practices. Research Journal of Biotechnology. 16. 212-222.
[22] SmithâHall, C., Pyakurel, D., Treue, T., Pouliot, M., Ghimire, S. K., Timoshyna, A., & Meilby, H. (2025). A roadmap to sustainable management of commercial medicinal and aromatic plants, fungi, and lichens in Nepal. Conservation Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14442
[23] Asase, A. (2023). Ghana’s herbal medicine industry: prospects, challenges and ways forward from a developing country perspective. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1267398
[24] Abdel-Azim, N. S., Khaled A. Shams, Abdel Aaty A. Shahat, Moustafa M. El Missi, Shams I. Ismail, & Faiza M. Hammouda. (2011). Egyptian Herbal Drug Industry: Challenges and Future Prospects. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 5(2), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2011.136.144
[25] Sen, S., Chakraborty, R., & De, B. (2011). Challenges and opportunities in the advancement of herbal medicine: India’s position and role in a global context. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 1(3-4), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2011.11.001
[26] Srivastava, R. (2016). How Indian Pharmaceutical Companies Are Building Global Brands: The Case of the Himalaya Herbal Brand. Thunderbird International Business Review, 58(5), 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21827
[27] Ravi, S., & Bharadvaja, N. (2019). Market Analysis of Medicinal Plants in India. Current pharmaceutical biotechnology, 20(14), 1172–1180. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201020666190819154516
[28] Ramdas, K., Swapnil, P., Prajakta, I., Sakshi, K., Vaishnavi, I., Srushti, M., & Aishwarya, T. (2024). Overview of herbal drugs: Regulatory perspective with special emphasis on global market. Yemen Journal of Medicine, 3(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.yjom.2024.022
[29] Qu, L., Li, X., Xiong, Y., Wang, Z., Zhou, Y., Zou, W., Tang, J., & Wang, M. (2022). Opportunities and hurdles to European market access for multi-herbal traditional Chinese medicine products: An analysis of EU regulations for combination herbal medicinal products. Pharmacological research, 186, 106528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106528
[30] Hoxha, V., Bombaj, F., & Shehu, M. (2025). Threats and Opportunities for Sustainable Development Goals of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 5(1), e04151. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n01.pe04151
[31] Bhattacharjee, B., Sandhanam, K., Ghose, S., Barman, D., & Sahu, R. K. (2023). Market Overview of Herbal Medicines for Lifestyle Diseases (pp. 597–614). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7703-1_30
[32] Haji pour, B. , Khassaf Mofrad, H. , Hosseini Kashkouiye, S. M. and Khorshidi, G. (2018). A framework for systemic innovation strategy, case study: sectorial innovation system of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in Iran. Iranian journal of management sciences, 13(51), 1-20. [In Persian]
[33] Chen, S. L., Yu, H., Luo, H. M., Wu, Q., Li, C. F., & Steinmetz, A. (2016). Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants: problems, progress, and prospects. Chinese medicine, 11, 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-016-0108-7
[34] Asigbaase, M., Adusu, D., Anaba, L., Abugre, S., Kang-Milung, S., Acheamfour, S. A., Adamu, I., & Ackah, D. K. (2023). Conservation and economic benefits of medicinal plants: Insights from forest-fringe communities of Southwestern Ghana. Trees, Forests and People, 14, 100462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2023.100462
[35] Abdullahi, M. A., Mohamed, Z., Shamsudin, M. N., Sharifuddin, J., & Ali, F. (2018). Effects of top leadership culture and strategic sustainability orientation on sustainable development among Malaysian herbal-based SMEs. Business Strategy & Development, 1(2), 128–139. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.17
[36] Tupas, G., & Gido, L. J. F. (2021). Perspective on herbal medicine in the Philippines, economic demands, quality control, and regulation. In Preparation of Phytopharmaceuticals for the Management of Disorders, 475–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820284-5.00009-5
[37] Wang, M., Yao, P. F., Sun, P. Y., Liang, W., & Chen, X. J. (2022). Key quality factors for Chinese herbal medicines entering the EU market. Chinese medicine, 17(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00583-x
[38] Sahoo, N., & Manchikanti, P. (2013). Herbal Drug Regulation and Commercialization: An Indian Industry Perspective. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 19(12), 957–963. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2012.0275
[39] Forrester, J. W. (2007). System dynamics—a personal view of the first fifty years. System Dynamics Review, 23(2-3), 345–358. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.382
[40] Karimian sichani, z., Cheraghali, m., & Dehghani, a. (2022). Comparative analysis of financial stability of DB-PAYG and NDC plans in Social Security Organization's taieen taklif retirements by systems dynamics approach. Modern Research in Decision Making, 140-169. [In Persian]
[41] Sterman, J. D. (2001). System Dynamics Modeling: Tools for Learning in a Complex World. California Management Review, 43(4), 8-25. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166098
[42] Zolfagharian, M., Akbari, R. & Fartookzadeh, H. Theory of Knowledge in System Dynamics Models. Found Sci 19, 189–207 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-013-9328-9
[43] Sterman, J. (2000). Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World. Irwin: McGraw-Hill.
[44] Heydarpour, v., Zandieh, M., Farsijani, H., & Rabieh, M. (2017). Proposing a Model for Forecasting Port Container Terminal Performance; System Dynamics Approach. Modern Research in Decision Making, 109-132. [In Persian]
[45] Sterman, J. (2009). Business dynamics: Systems thinking and modeling for a complex world (Vol. 1, K. Bararpoor, P. Mousavi, B. Behzad, M. Emami, L. Rezaei Adl, & H. Faghani, Trans.). SAMT. (Original work published 2000) [In Persian]
[46] Barlas, Y., & Carpenter, S. (1990). Philosophical roots of model validation: Two paradigms. System Dynamics Review, 6(2), 148–166. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.4260060203
[47] Rousan, L., & Al-Uzaizi, S. (2016). Farmers knowledge level and training needs toward the production and conservation of medicinal herbal plants in Jordan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 351-359. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2016.6117
[48] Mofokeng, M., Plooy, C., Araya, H., Amoo, S., Mokgehle, S., Pofu, M., & Mashela, P. (2022). Medicinal plant cultivation for sustainable use and commercialisation of high-value crops. South African Journal of Science. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2022/12190
[49] Razak, A., Yusriadi, Y., Congge, U., & Mustari, N. (2023). Extension Management on Agricultural Quality: A Study on Food Security. Migration Letters, 1004-1013. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20i5.4161
[50] Batinic, B., & Appel, M. (2013). Mass communication, social influence, and consumer behavior: two field experiments. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1353-1368. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12090
[51] Spina, D., Barbieri, C., Carbone, R., Hamam, M., D’Amico, M., & Di Vita, G. (2023). Market Trends of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Italy: Future Scenarios Based on the Delphi Method. Agronomy, 13(
