پژوهش های نوین در تصمیم گیری

رفع بحران نقدینگی در زنجیره تأمین دارویی ایران با اعتبار فروش به‌عنوان ابزار هماهنگی بهینه در شرایط قیمت ثابت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

فرنوش اطردی 1
حسن خادمی زارع 2
یحیی زارع مهرجردی 2
محمد باقر فخرزاد 2

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دپارتمان مهندسی صنایع، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

2 استاد، دپارتمان مهندسی صنایع، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

چکیده
در صنعت داروسازی ایران، توزیع‌کنندگان از اعتبار فروش به‌عنوان اصلی‌ترین ابزار مدیریت تقاضا و حفظ سهم بازار استفاده می‌کنند. با این حال، استفاده بی‌برنامه و بیش از حد اعتبار تجاری (فروش)، عامل عمده بحران نقدینگی داروخانه‌ها، کاهش شدید حجم سفارش، گاهی ورشکستگی‌های کامل و در نتیجه کاهش دسترسی بیماران به داروهای ضروری شده است. این پژوهش یک مدل هماهنگی بهینه مبتنی بر اعتبار فروش ارائه می‌دهد و نشان می‌دهد که همین ابزار رایج صنعت، در صورت تنظیم علمی دوره اعتبار، قادر است بحران مالی را به‌طور قابل توجهی کاهش دهد. مدل پیشنهادی در چارچوب بازی استکلبرگ پیشرو-پیرو فرموله شده و زوال وابسته به دما (توزیع وایبول) را برای رعایت محدودیت‌های زنجیره سرد دارویی در نظر می‌گیرد. با به‌کارگیری برنامه‌ریزی کسری مقعر، شبه‌مقعر بودن تابع سود سالانه اثبات شده و وجود جواب بهینه یکتا و سراسری برای هر ترکیب پارامترهای قراردادی تضمین می‌گردد. روش حل ترکیبی از الگوریتم جستجوی تکراری کارآمد با اعتبارسنجی جامع بروت‌فورس در پایتون است. رویکرد پیشنهادی بدون نیاز به منابع مالی اضافی یا تغییر مقرراتی، بلافاصله قابل اجراست و از رویه‌های موجود صنعت استفاده می‌کند. نتایج عددی نشان‌دهنده بهبود تا ۱۹.۷٪ سود و افزایش بیش از سه برابری حجم سفارش نسبت به حالت نامتمرکز است. این پژوهش چارچوبی عملی و کم‌هزینه در اختیار توزیع‌کنندگان و داروخانه‌ها (خرده‌فروشان) قرار می‌دهد تا رایج‌ترین ابزار مدیریت تقاضای خود را به مکانیزمی مؤثر برای هماهنگی تبدیل کنند و به‌طور همزمان سودآوری، پایداری جریان نقدی و دسترسی بیماران به داروها را بهبود بخشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

هماهنگی زنجیره تأمین
بازار دارویی تنظیم شده
اعتبار تجاری- فروش
اعتبار سنجی جستجوی جامع (بروت فورس)
زبان برنامه‌نویسی پایتون

عنوان مقاله English

Alleviating Cash-Flow Crises in the Iranian Pharmaceutical Supply Chain through Optimal Trade-Credit Coordination under Fixed Pricing

نویسندگان English

Farnoush Otrodi 1
Hasan Khademi Zare 2
Yahya Zare Mehrjardi 2
Mohammad Bagher Fakhrzad 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Industrial Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده English

In the Iranian pharmaceutical industry, distributors widely rely on trade credit as the primary demand-management instrument to preserve market share. However, unplanned and excessive extensions of credit periods have become a major source of pharmacy liquidity crises, sharp reductions in order volumes, occasional bankruptcies, and, ultimately, diminished patient access to essential medicines. This study develops an optimal trade-credit coordination model and demonstrates that scientifically calibrating the credit duration, using this prevalent industry practice, can substantially alleviate financial distress. The model is formulated within a Stackelberg leader–follower framework and incorporates temperature-dependent Weibull deterioration to capture the cold-chain constraints of pharmaceutical products. Concave fractional programming is employed to establish that the annual total profit function is strictly pseudo-concave, thereby guaranteeing the existence and uniqueness of a global optimal solution for feasible contract parameters. The solution methodology combines an efficient iterative search algorithm with exhaustive brute-force validation implemented in Python. The proposed approach requires no additional financial resources or regulatory changes and can be readily implemented using existing industry practices. Numerical results indicate profit improvements of up to 19.7% and more than a threefold increase in order quantity relative to the decentralized baseline. Overall, the framework provides distributors and pharmacies (retailers) with a practical, cost-free means of transforming a common demand-management instrument into an effective coordination mechanism that enhances profitability, cash-flow stability, and patient access to medicines.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Supply chain coordination
Regulated pharmaceutical markets
Trade credit
Brute-force validation
Python
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پژوهش های نوین در تصمیم گیری
دوره 10، شماره 5
زمستان 1404
صفحه 169-191

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