بهینه‌سازی تصمیمات سه‌حالته (نگه‌داشت، جایگزینی، بازگشت) برای کالاهای فصلی با کیفیت نامطمئن: چارچوب شبیه‌سازی-بهینه‌سازی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت صنعتی،دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری،دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران،قم،ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده مدیریت و علوم مالی، دانشگاه خاتم، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
مدیریت موجودی کالاهای فصلی باکیفیت نامطمئن معمولاً با چالش عدم قطعیت هم‌زمان تقاضا و کیفیت روبه‌رو است، درحالی‌که اغلب رویکردهای موجود پس از بازرسی به‌قاعده‌ی دودویی و غیر منعطف «پذیرش/بازگشت کامل» متکی‌اند. این پژوهش یک مدل روزنامه‌فروش سه‌حالته‌ی آستانه‌ای (نگه‌داشتن، جایگزینی سقف دار، بازگشت) برای کالای فصلیِ فسادپذیر ارائه می‌کند که در آن خطای بازرسی، مرجوعی مشتری، محدودیت لجستیکی جایگزینی و تقاضای دوکاناله‌ی حساس به تخفیف به‌صورت یکپارچه لحاظ شده و قید مشارکت تأمین‌کننده نیز در طراحی سیاست بهینه اعمال می‌شود. به دلیل غیرخطی بودن و حضور عملگرهای min/max، تابع سود انتظاری به‌صورت بسته قابل‌حل نیست؛ بنابراین از رویکرد ترکیبی شبیه‌سازی–بهینه‌سازی استفاده می‌شود که در آن سود انتظاری با شبیه‌سازی مونت‌کارلو برآورد و سیاست بهینه‌ با کمک بهینه‌سازی بیزی و مقایسه با الگوریتم‌های فرا ابتکاری به دست می‌آید. نتایج مثال عددی نشان می‌دهد نسبت به سیاست پذیرش/بازگشت، به‌کارگیری مکانیسم جایگزینی در چارچوب سه‌حالته سود مورد انتظار خرده‌فروش را حدود ۱۴٫۳٪ و سود تأمین‌کننده را حدود ۶٫۲٪ افزایش می‌دهد و هم‌زمان کمبود و ضایعات را به‌طور معناداری کاهش می‌دهد. تحلیل سناریوهای بحرانی (شوک‌های هزینه‌ای و اختلالات لجستیکی) نشان می‌دهد عملکرد مدل نسبت به تغییر پارامترهای مدل پایدار است و جایگزینیِ مدیریت‌شده به‌عنوان ابزار مؤثر پوشش ریسک عمل می‌کند. همچنین تحلیل حساسیت نشان می‌دهد علاوه بر قیمت خریدوفروش، متغیرهای عملیاتی مانند کارایی جایگزینی و دقت بازرسی نقش مستقیمی در کنترل کمبود و ضایعات دارند و گذار از قراردادهای سنتی بازگشت کامل به قراردادهای حاوی مکانیسم جایگزینی سقف دار می‌تواند سودآوری و عملکرد عملیاتی زنجیره تأمین کالاهای فصلی فسادپذیر را بهبود دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

Optimization of Three-State Decisions (Hold, Replacement, Return) for Seasonal Goods with Uncertain Quality: A Simulation-Optimization Framework

نویسندگان English

Elham Mahmudi nejad 1
meisam shahbazi 2
Seyed Hossein Razavi Haj Agha 3
1 Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.
2 Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.
3 Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Financial Sciences, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Inventory management of seasonal products with uncertain quality involves challenging decisions under simultaneous demand and quality uncertainty, while most existing approaches, after inspection, still rely on a rigid binary “accept-or-return” rule. This study develops a three-state threshold newsvendor model for a seasonal perishable product, in which inspection errors, customer returns, logistical limits on replacement, and two-channel discount-sensitive demand are incorporated in an integrated way, and the supplier’s participation constraint is explicitly enforced in designing the optimal policy. Owing to nonlinearity and the presence of min/max operators, the expected profit function is not analytically tractable; therefore, a combined simulation–optimization framework is adopted, where expected profit is estimated via Monte Carlo simulation and the optimal policy is obtained using Bayesian optimization and benchmarked against standard metaheuristics. Numerical results show that, relative to the accept/return policy, activating the replacement mechanism within the three-state framework increases the retailer’s expected profit by about 14.3% and the supplier’s profit by about 6.2%, while simultaneously reducing shortages and waste significantly. Scenario analysis under critical conditions indicates that model performance is robust to parameter changes and that managed replacement acts as an effective risk-hedging instrument. Sensitivity analysis further reveals that, in addition to purchase and selling prices, operational variables such as replacement effectiveness and inspection accuracy have a direct impact on shortages and waste. These findings suggest that moving from traditional full-return contracts toward “smart” contracts embedding a capped replacement mechanism can substantially improve both profitability and operational performance in seasonal perishable supply chains.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

seasonal short-life products
defective items
perishable goods
Monte Carlo simulation
Bayesian optimization
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